Isikhungo Sikagesi Samanzi: Siyini futhi sisebenza kanjani?
Isitshalo sikagesi samanzi siyisikhungo lapho amandla akhiqizwa ngamanzi agelezayo eguqulwa abe ugesi kusetshenziswa i-turbine eklanywe ngokukhethekile. Lezi zitshalo ziye zahlinzeka ngokukhiqiza amandla amakhulu amashumi eminyaka, zinegalelo ekukhiqizweni kukagesi emazweni amaningi.
Ukusebenza kwesitshalo sikagesi samanzi
Isitshalo sikagesi samanzi sisebenza ngokuyisisekelo ngesimiso sokusebenzisa amandla akhiqizwa amanzi awela phezulu. Lawa mandla avame ukusetshenziswa ngokudlulisela inani elikhulu lamandla e-kinetic edamini.
Lokhu kufezwa ngokudala idamu elinomgodi ombiwe ohlangothini olulodwa, elinomsele wokuphambukisa ovumela amanzi ukuthi athunyelwe esiteshini sikagesi. Uma esesiteshini, amanzi aqhuba amajeneretha adala ugesi.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesitshalo samandla kagesi ngamanzi yilezi:
- Ama-turbine we-Hydraulic: Lawa ma-turbine anesibopho sokusebenzisa amandla amanzi ukuze awaguqule abe ugesi.
- AmabhomuIsetshenziselwa ukubuyisela amanzi endaweni lapho akhishwe khona.
- Amajeneretha: Ziyadingeka ukuguqula amandla omshini wama-turbine abe ugesi.
Lawa ma-turbine abangela ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kumajeneretha ngenxa yamandla akhiqizwa amanzi adlula kuwo. Lokhu kunyakaza yilokho ekugcineni okuguqulwa kube ugesi.
Izinzuzo zezitshalo zikagesi zamanzi
Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko zalezi zikhungo esizitholayo:
- Zisebenza kahle futhi azidingi uphethiloli ukuze zisebenze
- Azikhiphi ama-carbon enema emoyeni
- Ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ukuze zivumelane nokusetshenziswa okuhlukile
- Zinobungani kakhulu nemvelo
- Zishibhile kunezinye izihlanganisi zikagesi
Izinqubo ezisetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla kagesi ngamanzi zinobungani kakhulu nemvelo, yingakho seziye zaba yindawo ethandwa kakhulu yokuphakelwa kwamandla emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngaphezu kokufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni, lolu hlobo lwamandla luphinde lusize ekunciphiseni umthelela wekhabhoni emhlabeni.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zitshalo zikagesi zinezinkinga zazo. Zidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ekwakheni nasekulungiseni, futhi zingaba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni endaweni ezungeze idamu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulinganisela izinzuzo nezinkinga ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kwale nsiza.
Isikhungo Sikagesi Samanzi
Iyini isikhungo sikagesi samanzi?
Isitshalo samandla kagesi ngamanzi yisistimu esebenzisa amandla okuhamba kwamanzi ukukhiqiza ugesi. Lawa mandla avela emthonjeni wemvelo, njengomfula noma ichibi, futhi asetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ugesi ongasetshenziswa emakhaya ethu nakwezinye izimboni.
Isitshalo sikagesi samanzi sisebenza kanjani?
Amandla kagesi aphuma emanzini akhiqizwa lapho amanzi ekhishwa edamini bese ewela phezu kwedamu, eqhuba i-turbine. Le turbine ixhunywe kujeneretha kagesi, eguqula amandla kagesi e-turbine abe amandla kagesi. Ijeneretha ibe isithumela lo gesi kugridi yamandla ukuze abanye bayisebenzise. Isitshalo samandla kagesi aphuma emanzini singasebenza ngokuphambene, sisebenzisa amandla kagesi ukushayela i-turbine, yona epompa amanzi phakathi kwamadamu.
Izinzuzo Zesikhungo Sikagesi Samanzi
Ezinye zezinzuzo eziyinhloko zesitshalo samandla kagesi ngamanzi yilezi:
- Amandla avuselelekayo: Amandla kagesi asebenza ngamanzi ayindlela yamandla avuselelekayo nahlanzekile ngoba awakhiphi amagesi okushisa, ngokungafani neminye imithombo yamandla.
- Izindleko zokulungisa ezincishisiwe: Uma isitshalo sikagesi samanzi sesikhiwe, izindleko zokusigcina sisebenza ziphansi kakhulu.
- Ukusebenza kahle: Izitshalo zikagesi ezisebenzisa amanzi zisebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokukhiqiza amandla.
Izibonelo Zezitshalo Zamandla Kagesi Owamanzi
Ezinye izibonelo zezitshalo zikagesi ezidumile zamanzi yilezi:
- I-Itaipu: Itholakala eParaguay naseBrazil, iyisitshalo samandla kagesi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, esinamandla okukhiqiza angu-14GW.
- I-Guri: Itholakala eVenezuela, iyisitshalo sesibili esikhulu kunazo zonke sikagesi wamanzi emhlabeni, esinamandla okukhiqiza angu-10.2GW.
- I-Tŭzla: Lesi sitshalo samandla saseTurkey sinamandla okukhiqiza angu-8.1GW.
Amandla kagesi aphuma emanzini aya ngokuya ethandwa njengendlela yokunciphisa ukuthembela kweminye imithombo yamandla engavuseleleki, njengowoyela, igesi yemvelo, namalahle. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, amandla okukhiqiza amandla ngalezi zinhlobo zezitshalo nawo azokhula.