- I-Consell de Mallorca ithola ishadi le-portolan likaPere Rossell, elinomhla ka-1447, endalini yaseSotheby's eLondon.
- Imephu, eyenziwe nge-vellum nangesiLatini nangesiCatalan, iyisici esibalulekile seSikole seMajorcan Cartographic.
- Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane eqoqweni eliyimfihlo e-United States, lo mbhalo uba yingxenye yefa lomphakathi lalesi siqhingi.
- Incwadi izoboniswa kusukela ngoJuni kuqhubeke eMuseu de Mallorca njengendawo okugxilwe kuyo ezinhlelweni ezintsha zemfundo namasiko.
Isiqhingi saseMallorca senezele efeni laso umsebenzi oyingqayizivele we-cartografi wekhulu le-15 , kuze kube manje, owawungatholakali emphakathini. Leli yishadi lika-portolan likaPere Rossell, umbhalo wemikhumbi kusukela ngo-1447 obhekwa njengegugu langempela le-cartography yaseMallorcan yasendulo.
Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane isezandleni zangasese, le ngxenye ibuyela esiqhingini ukuze ifakwe eqoqweni lomphakathi leConsell de Mallorca futhi ibe ngenye yezindawo ezikhangayo eziyinhloko zeMuseu de Mallorca, lapho ingavakashelwa khona kusukela ngoJuni kuqhubeke ngemuva komsebenzi wokulondolozwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemiboniso.
Ukuthengwa okubalulekile kwefa laseMallorca
I-Consell de Mallorca iqede ukuthengwa kweshadi likaPere Rossell le-portolan endlini yendali yaseSotheby's eLondon , emsebenzini ochazwa yizikhungo zesiqhingi njengengqophamlando yangempela yokuvikela ifa lomlando lalesi siqhingi.
Umongameli weConsell, uLlorenç Galmés , kanye nephini likamongameli kanye nekhansela lezamasiko namagugu, u-Antònia Roca , baya endlunkulu yaseSotheby enhloko-dolobha yaseBrithani ukuyokwenza kube semthethweni ukudluliselwa kwale ngcibisholo, ebhekwa njengomunye wemisebenzi evelele kakhulu yesikole esibizwa ngokuthi iMallorcan Cartographic School.
Emcimbini wokwamukela izivakashi osemthethweni, ithimba laseMallorcan lamukelwa nguDavid Goldthorpe , iNhloko Yezincwadi Nemibhalo Yesandla eSotheby's for Europe and the Middle East, owagcizelela ukuthi lesi sikhungo sasingenakucabanga indawo efaneleke kakhulu yale mephu kunokubuyela kwayo esiqhingini lapho yadalwa khona cishe emakhulwini ayisithupha eminyaka edlule.
Ku-Consell, ukungena kwencwadi endalini yamazwe ngamazwe kwakumele "ithuba eliyingqayizivele" lokubuyisa impahla enenani elingavamile lomlando namasiko eyayisengozini yokufihlwa futhi kwelinye iqoqo langasese, kude nokufinyelela komphakathi kanye nocwaningo olukhethekile.
Ishadi likaPere Rossell le-portolan: igugu le-martography yaseMallorcan yasendulo
Isiqephu esitholiwe siyishadi le-portolan elinomhla ka-1447 futhi lasayinwa ngumdwebi wamamephu waseMajorcan uPere Rossell , naye ocashunwe emibhalweni yanamuhla njengoPetrus Roselli. Libhekwa njengomsebenzi omdala kunayo yonke owaziwayo walo mbhali futhi lingenye yobufakazi obubaluleke kakhulu besiko le-cartografi elasungulwa eMajorca phakathi kwekhulu le-13 nele-15.
Lo mbhalo ugcinwe usesimweni esihle kakhulu naphezu kokuguga kwawo. Wenziwe nge -vellum esezingeni eliphezulu futhi uhlanganisa imibhalo yesiLatini nesiCatalan, okubonisa iqiniso lolimi lwaseMallorca yasendulo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezilimi, kanye nokunemba kwayo kobuchwepheshe, kubeka lo msebenzi phakathi kwemikhiqizo emikhulu yaseYurophu yamamephu yangaleso sikhathi.
Imephu ichazwa ngefomethi yayo enkulu kanye nezinga lemininingwane ekuboniseni kwayo iMedithera . Ihlanganisa amakhulu amagama ezindawo asakazwe kulo lonke iMedithera, abhalwe ngombhalo weGothic kusetshenziswa uyinki omnyama nobomvu. Lo lwazi oluningi lwendawo luyenza ithuluzi lomlando eliyigugu lokuqonda imizila yokuhamba kanye nolwazi lomhlaba ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, kanye nokufunda uhambo lomlando olwawuthonya.
Ngaphezu komsebenzi wayo wokuqala wokudoba ngemikhumbi, lo mbhalo uyisibonelo esivelele sobuciko bezobuchwepheshe nobuciko beSikole seMajorcan Cartographic , esaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokunemba kwamashadi aso okudoba ngemikhumbi kanye nekhono lawo lokuhlanganisa idatha yendawo, yezohwebo kanye nesayensi evela emasikweni ahlukene amasiko.
Kusukela ekuqoqweni kwangasese kuya ekuqoqweni kwempahla yomphakathi
Iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane, ishadi likaPere Rossell le-portolan laliyingxenye yeqoqo lezincwadi ezidumile uCindy noJay Pritzker , abaqoqi ababili abadumile ababeligcina ezandleni zabo, kude nezifunda zemyuziyamu zaseYurophu.
Ukuthengiswa kwayo kwakamuva kwavula isimo lapho lo mbhalo wawungashintsha khona ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso sokufinyelela komphakathi. Ibhekene nalesi simo, i-Consell de Mallorca yabona lo msebenzi njengento ebaluleke kakhulu yefa laseBalearic futhi yanquma ukuhlanganyela ekubhideni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imephu ibuyela esiqhingini.
Kusukela kuSotheby's, uDavid Goldthorpe ugcizelele ukuthi le ncwadi yadalwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu edlule nokuthi, ngemva kohambo olude emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, "manje ilandela indlela yayo ibuyela eMallorca ," lapho izogcinwa khona futhi iboniswe ezimweni ezifanele ukuze umphakathi uyifunde futhi uyijabulele.
Ukuthengwa kuvumela umsebenzi ukuthi uphume ngokuphelele esifundeni sangasese futhi ufakwe ohlwini lomphakathi lweConsell de Mallorca , oluqinisekisa ukulondolozwa, ukufakwa kuhlu kanye nezindlela zokusabalalisa ngokuhambisana nokubaluleka kwawo komlando ngaphakathi kwe-medieval European cartography.
Ingqophamlando yesikhungo kanye nokuzibophezela esikhathini esizayo
Iziphathimandla zasesiqhingini zigcizelele ukuthi ukuthengwa kwalesi siqephu akuyona nje umsebenzi wokubuyisa ifa, kodwa futhi nokuzibophezela kwesikhathi eside ocwaningweni nasekusabalaliseni amasiko . ULlorenç Galmés uchaze usuku lokusayina njengomzuzu womlando wesiqhingi.
Umongameli weConsell ugcizelele ukuthi lo msebenzi uqinisa indima yeMallorca njengereferensi emlandweni we-medieval cartography futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi umbhalo obalulekile wobunikazi besiqhingi uhlala ufinyeleleka kubantu kanye nezizukulwane ezizayo.
Ngokufanayo, iPhini likaMongameli kanye neNhloko yaMasiko namaGugu, u-Antònia Roca, uchaze imephu “njengegugu langempela” elibonisa ithalente kanye nokufinyelela kwamazwe ngamazwe kweMallorca yasendulo . Uqaphele ukuthi ukuhlanganisa imephu efeni lomphakathi kuzovumela hhayi nje ukulondolozwa kwayo ngokomzimba kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwezemfundo namasiko.
Izitatimende zezikhungo zigcizelela inhloso yokuthi lo msebenzi ube umthombo oyinhloko wamaphrojekthi ezemfundo ahlobene nomlando, indawo kanye nokuhamba ngemikhumbi eNkathini Ephakathi, kokubili esikoleni naseyunivesithi.
Imephu ekhombisa iMedithera yasendulo ngokunemba kwemilimitha
Ngaphandle kwenani elingokomfanekiso lokubuyela kwayo esiqhingini, ishadi likaPere Rossell le-portolan livelele ngezinga lalo elingavamile lemininingwane ekuboniseni kwayo iMedithera . Lakhiwa ngo-1447, lithwebula ngokunembile ukwakheka kogu, amachweba, kanye nemizila yolwandle ngesikhathi lapho ukuzulazula kwakuncike kakhulu kumadokhumenti anjalo.
Imephu ibonisa amagama amaningi ezindawo abhalwe ngesikripthi seGothic , ehlanganisa uyinki omnyama nobomvu ukuze kuhlukaniswe izindawo kanye nezigaba zezindawo. Lokhu kubhala ikhodi okubonakalayo kwavumela amatilosi ukuthi asheshe abone izimpawu ezibalulekile kanye nemizila ehanjwa njalo.
Ukudalwa kwayo e-vellum akugcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngokuqina kodwa futhi kwasiza ekudwebeni okuhle nokunembile kwezindawo ezisogwini kanye nama-bearings okuhamba ngomkhumbi . Ubuso bombhalo buhlelwe ngokuzungeza imigqa yekhampasi yendabuko echaza amashadi e-portolan, into ebalulekile yokuhamba olwandle.
Ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwesiLatini nesiCatalan emibhalweni yemephu kubonisa iqiniso lezilimi eziningi nelomhlaba wonke laseMallorca yangesikhathi esiphakathi , indawo lapho izindlela zokuhweba zixhumanisa iMedithera nezinye izifunda zaseYurophu naseMedithera. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwenza imephu ibe umthombo ongcono kakhulu wezazi-mlando, izazi zefilosofi, kanye nochwepheshe bamasiko olwandle kanye nomlando wezwe.
Umbukiso eMuseu de Mallorca kanye nokufinyelela komphakathi
Ishadi le-portolan ekugcineni lizogcinwa eMuseu de Mallorca, lapho kulindeleke ukuthi liboniswe khona ngoJuni . Lo mbhalo uzoqala uye esiqhingini ukuze uhlolwe futhi ufundwe ngezinqubo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo ngaphambi kokuba wethulwe emphakathini.
Inhloso yeConsell ukuthi umsebenzi ube yingxenye evelele yombukiso othize ozinikele ekudwetshweni kwamamephu eMallorcan yasendulo , lapho ukudalwa kwawo, umsebenzi wawo wokuqala njengethuluzi lokuhamba kanye nohambo lomlando oluwususe emisebenzini yokusebenzela yasendulo kuya ezikhangisweni zokubonisa zemyuziyamu yekhulu lama-21 kuzobekwa ngokomongo.
Lo mbukiso uzovumela izakhamuzi nezivakashi ukuthi zihlole ngokucophelela umbhalo obekufinyelelwa yiqembu elincane lochwepheshe nabaqoqi kuze kube manje . Imyuziyamu ihlela ukuhambisana nombukiso ngezinto zemfundo nemisebenzi ehlobene nawo.
Ngokusho kwezikhungo zasesiqhingini, umsebenzi usuqalile kakade ezinhlelweni zemfundo kanye nohambo oluqondisiwe oluqondiswe ezikoleni, abafundi baseyunivesithi kanye nomphakathi jikelele, ngenhloso yokwenza kube lula ukuqonda kabanzi indima yeMallorca emlandweni wokuzulazula kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemephu yaseYurophu.
Ngokufakwa kwaleli shadi le-portolan efeni lomphakathi, iMallorca iqinisa isikhundla sayo njengesilinganiso samazwe ngamazwe ekufundweni kwemephu yesikhathi esiphakathi futhi iqinisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwesikhathi sayo sasolwandle kanye nokunikezwa kwamasiko kwamanje, ivula amathuba amasha ocwaningo, ukusabalalisa kanye nokuvakasha kwamasiko eduze kwenye yengcebo yayo yomlando emikhulu.
